Toyota Corolla

The Toyota Corolla is a line of subcompact and compact cars manufactured by Toyota. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla managed to become the best-selling car worldwide by 1974[2] and has been one of the best-selling cars in the world since then. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle.[3] Almost 40 million  Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software vCorollas have been sold over eleven generations by mid June 2013.[4] The series has undergone several major redesigns.

The name "corolla" is part of Toyota's naming tradition of using names derived from the Toyota Crown for sedans. The Corolla has always been exclusive in Japan to Toyota Corolla Store locations, and manufactured in Japan with a twin, called the Toyota Sprinter until 2000 Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.

Early models were mostly rear-wheel drive, while later models have been front-wheel drive based. Its traditional competitors have been the Nissan Sunny, introduced the same year as the Corolla in Japan and the later Honda Civic. The Corolla's chassis designation code is "E", as described in Toyota's chassis and engine codes Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.
Contents



Production locations

Corollas are manufactured in Japan, Brazil, (Indaiatuba, São Paulo), Canada (Cambridge, Ontario), China (Tianjin), India (Bangalore), Pakistan, South Africa (Durban), Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela. Production has previously been made in Australia (Victoria) and the United Kingdom (Derbyshire). Production in the United States (at NUMMI in Fremont, California) ended in March 2010.[5] It was resumed late in 2011, after a Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi plant was opened in November 2011 in Blue Springs, Mississippi Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.[6]
Alternative versions
Using the Corolla chassis
2003 Corolla RunX.

In Japan, the Corolla has always been exclusive to Japanese retail sales chain called Toyota Corolla Store, which was previously established in 1961, called Toyota Public Store, selling the Toyota Publica. A badge engineered version called the Sprinter was introduced around the same time as the Corolla in Japan, and sold at a different Toyota Japan dealership sales channel called in 1966 Toyota Auto Store Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.

There have also been several models over the years, including the Corolla Ceres (and similar Sprinter Marino) hardtop, Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno sports coupés and hatchbacks, and the Corolla FX hatchback, which became the Corolla RunX, while the Sprinter became the Allex, with the introduction of the ZZE128 Corolla. The RunX and Allex was replaced by the Auris in 2006 (known only as Corolla in markets outside of Japan). A luxury version of the Auris installed with V6 engines was briefly sold at Japanese Toyota dealerships Toyota Store and Toyopet Store locations as the Blade, which was discontinued in 2012 Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.

A compact MPV named the Corolla Verso has also been released in European markets. Its Japanese counterpart is the Corolla Spacio, which has been discontinued as of the 10th generation. The Corolla Rumion is also sold in the US-market as the Scion xB.

The Corolla Matrix, better known just as the Matrix, shares the E120 and E140 platforms, and is considered the hatchback/sport wagon counterpart of the North American Corolla sedan, as the European/Australasian Corolla hatchback is not sold there. Toyota frequently combines the sales figures of the Corolla sedan and Matrix. The Pontiac Vibe, which is the General Motors badged version of the Matrix, also shares the Corolla platform. The Pontiac Vibe was exported from Fremont, California to the Japanese market where it was sold as the Toyota Voltz Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software. [7]

Over many years, there have been rebadged versions of the Corolla, sold by General Motors, including the 1980s' Holden Nova of Australia, and the Sprinter-based Chevrolet Nova, Chevrolet Prizm, and Geo Prizm (in the United States). The Corolla liftback (TE72) of Toyota Australia was badged as simply the T-18. The five-door liftback was sold with the Corolla Seca name in Australia and the nameplate survived on successive five-door models Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.

The Daihatsu Charmant was produced with the E30 through E70 series.
Using the Corolla name

The Tercel was a front wheel drive car, first introduced in 1980 at Japanese Toyota dealerships called Toyota Corolla Store, and was called the Corolla Tercel then, and later given its own name in 1984. The Tercel platform was also used for the Corolla II hatchback in Japan.
History
First generation (E10)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E10)
First-generation Toyota Corolla Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software

The first Corolla generation was introduced in October 1966 with the new 1100 cc K pushrod engine. The Corolla Sprinter was introduced as the fastback version in 1968, and exclusive to a Toyota Japan dealership retail outlet called Toyota Auto Store.
Second generation (E20)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E20)
Second-generation Toyota Corolla

In May 1970, the E20 was restyled with a more rounded body and the 1400 cc T and 1600 cc 2T OHV engines were added to the range. The now mutually exclusive Corolla and Sprinter names were used to differentiate between two slightly different treatments of sheet metal and trim. The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno names were introduced as the enhanced performance version of the Corolla and Sprinter respectively when a double overhead camshaft version of the 2T engine was introduced in March 1972 (TE27).

In Australia, only the 3K powered 2 door KE20 was available as Sedan and Wagon / Panelvan. The brakes were single system with no booster, solid discs on the front and rear drums. Front sway bar but no rear sway bar. Parts are not compatible with later models Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.

In NZ, 4 door KE20 was available.
Third generation (E30, E40, E50, E60)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E30)
Third-generation Toyota Corolla

April 1974 brought rounder, bigger and heavier Corollas and Sprinters. The range was rounded out with the addition of a two-door liftback. The Corollas were given E30 codes while the Sprinters were given E40 codes. A face-lift in March 1976 saw most Corolla E30 models replaced by equivalent E50 models and most Sprinter E40 models were replaced by equivalent E60 models. The E30 Corolla was fitted with retracting front seat belts.

In Australia, KE3x was available as 4 door sedan, 2 door sedan, 2 door panlevan (KE36) and 4 door wagon (KE38). All had 3K engines and K40 manual gearbox or 3 speed Auto. Sprinters were not available. Later KE5x models were available as 4 door sedan or 2 door coupe (A true pillarless design) with 4K engine. The KE55 was 50 kg heavier due to the addition of side impract protection in the doors, but due to a change in the body metal and seam sealing they are prone to rust. Later KE55 also used plastic ended bumper bars as apposed to the all chrome bumpers of the previous models, but included a rear sway bar for the first time Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.
Fourth generation (E70)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E70)
Fourth-generation Toyota Corolla

A major restyle in March 1979 brought a square edged design. The Corollas had a simpler treatment of the grill, headlights and taillights while the Sprinter used a slightly more complex, sculptured treatment. The new A series engines were added to the range as a running change. This was the last model to use the K "hicam" and T series engines. Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option on Japanese market vehicles Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.
Fifth generation (E80)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E80)
Fifth generation Toyota Corolla.

A sloping front bonnet and a contemporary sharp-edged, no-frills style was brought in during May 1983. The new 1839 cc 1C diesel engine was added to the range with the E80 Series. From 1985, re-badged E80 Sprinters were sold in the U.S. as the fifth generation Chevrolet Nova. Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option internationally.

Most models now used the front wheel drive layout except the AE85 and AE86, which were to be the last Corollas offered in the rear wheel drive or FR layout. The AE85 and AE86 chassis codes were also used for the Sprinter (including the Sprinter Trueno). The Sprinter was nearly identical to the Corolla, differing only by minor body styling changes such as pop-up headlights Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.
Sixth generation (E90)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E90)
Sixth generation Toyota Corolla.

A somewhat more rounded and aerodynamic style was used for the E90 introduced in May 1987. Overall this generation has a more refined feel than older Corollas and other older subcompacts. Most models were now front wheel drive, along with a few 4WD All-Trac models. Many engines were used on a wide array of trim levels and models, ranging from the 1.3 liter 2E to the 165 horsepower (123 kW) supercharged 4A-GZE. The E90 Sprinter was also rebadged and sold as the Geo Prizm (US) or Holden Nova (Australia).
Seventh generation (E100) Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software
Seventh generation Toyota Corolla
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E100)

In June 1991 Corollas received a redesign to be larger, heavier, and have the completely rounded, aerodynamic shape of the 1990s. In the United States, the somewhat larger Corolla was now in the compact class, rather than subcompact, and the coupé was still available in some markets, known as the AE101 Corolla Levin. Carburetors were mostly retired with this generation.
Eighth generation (E110)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E110)
Eighth generation Toyota Corolla.

Production of the E110 Corolla started in May 1995. The design of the car was slightly altered throughout but retained a look similar to that of the E100. Evolutionary technological improvements continued[citation needed], however, and in 1998, for the first time, some non-Japanese Corollas received the new 1ZZ-FE engine[citation needed]. The new engine was the first in a Toyota to have an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder heads, which made this generation lighter than the E100 Corolla. The model range began to change as Toyota decided styling differences would improve sales in different markets. This generation was delayed in North America until mid-1997 (US 1998 model year), where it had unique front and rear styling[citation needed]. Europe and Australasia received versions of their own as well.In Pakistan, model was halted in November 1998, while production was closed in March 2003 Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.
Ninth generation (E120, E130)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E120)
Ninth-generation Toyota Corolla

In November 2000, the ninth-generation Corolla was introduced in Japan, with edgier styling and more technology to bring the nameplate into the 21st century. In 2002, the Corolla was given a refreshed facelift and it grew in length with similar body panels and interior. The facelifted Corolla since then is called Corolla Altis in the ASEAN region. The station wagon model is called the Corolla Fielder in Japan. The North American release was delayed until March 2002 (2003 MY) Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.
Tenth generation (E140, E150)
Main article: Toyota Corolla (E140)
Tenth-generation Toyota Corolla

The tenth generation of the Corolla was introduced in October 2006. Japanese markets called it the Corolla Axio, with the ASEAN markets retaining the Corolla Altis branding. The station wagon retains the Corolla Fielder name. The Corolla Altis and Corolla Axio have a different appearance and size.[8] The North American release was delayed until January 2008 (2009 MY).
Eleventh generation (E160)
Eleventh-generation Toyota Corolla
Japan

The eleventh generation of the Corolla went on sale in Japan in May 2012.[9] The sedan is named the Corolla Axio while the wagon is called the Corolla Fielder. In Japan, both are made by a Toyota subsidiary, Central Motors, in Miyagi prefecture, Japan.[10] The redesigned model has slightly smaller exterior dimensions and is easier to drive in narrow alleys and parking lots for the targeted elderly consumers Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.[11]

The new Corolla Axio is available with either a 1.3-liter 1NR-FE or 1.5-liter 1NZ-FE four cylinder engines; front or all-wheel drive. Both 5-speed manual and CVT transmissions are offered. The 1.3-liter engine and all-wheel drive variants are available only with the CVT transmission.[12] The Corolla Fielder is available with 1.5-liter 1NZ-FE or 1.8-liter 2ZR-FAE four cylinder engines mated with a CVT transmission. The 1.5-liter is available with front and all-wheel drive, the 1.8-liter is offered only in front-wheel drive Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software.[13]
North America

The US spec Corolla was unveiled in June 2013. The redesigned Corolla rides on a longer 106.3 inch wheelbase (+2.95 in). Overall length is increased by 3.90 inches or 4.40 inches for the S-grade trim. The drag coefficient has been reduced to 0.28.

Two four cylinder engines are available, the 1.8-liter 2ZR-FE with 132 horsepower (98 kW), and a Valvematic equipped 2ZR-FAE offered on the new "Eco" trim providing 140 horsepower (100 kW). The Corolla will be available with a four-speed automatic, six-speed manual, or Toyota's new CVTi-S Continuously-Variable Transmission Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software. [14]

All Corolla models come standard with low beam LED headlamps, and Bluetooth hands free calling and audio streaming.
Safety

In Australia, Corolla models built between 1986 and 2006 were assessed in the Used Car Safety Ratings 2008:[15]

    (1986–1988): worse than average
    (1989–1993): average
    (1994–1997): better than average
    (1998–2001): better than average
    (2002–2006): better than average

The US Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rated the 1998–2002 models as "Acceptable" in their 40 mph (64 km/h) frontal offset crash test. Initial 2003 models had an overall "Good" rating, but received a "Marginal" on left foot injury protection. A rebuild beginning December 2002, which continues through to the 2008 model, gives the Corolla a "Good" rating in all aspects of the test. Corolla models from model year 2005 to 2008 with optional side curtain air bags received an "Acceptable" rating in the side impact crash test, largely due to a "Marginal" rating in structure/safety cage design. Otherwise, injury protection ratings for driver and rear passenger were all good except for driver pelvis/leg injury protection, which was "Acceptable". The Corolla from model year 2009 to present with standard side curtain air bags received a "Good" rating in both the frontal offset and side impact crash test.[16]

Toyota Motor Corporation

Toyota Motor Corporation (トヨタ自動車株式会社 Toyota Jidōsha KK?, IPA: [toꜜjota]) /tɔɪˈoʊtə/, abbreviated TMC, is a Japanese multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2010, Toyota employed 325,905 people worldwide,[3] and was the third-largest automobile manufacturer in 2011 by production behind General Motors and Volkswagen Group.[4] Toyota is the eleventh-largest company in the world by revenue. In July 2012, the company reported it had manufactured its 200-millionth vehicle.[5]

The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software 1937 as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and, in 1936, its first passenger car, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation group companies are Toyota (including the Scion brand), Lexus, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Daihatsu, and Hino Motors,[6] along with several "nonautomotive" companies.[7] TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world.
Contents

    1 Corporate governance
        1.1 Financial results
    2 History
    3 Logo and branding
        3.1 Marketing
            3.1.1 Japan
        3.2 Sports
    4 Company strategy
        4.1 Operations
        4.2 Worldwide presence
            4.2.1 North America
    5 Product line
        5.1 Electric technology
            5.1.1 Hybrid electric vehicles
            5.1.2 Plug-in hybrids
            5.1.3 All-electric vehicles
            5.1.4 Hydrogen fuel-cell
        5.2 Cars
            5.2.1 SUVs and crossovers
            5.2.2 Pickup trucks
            5.2.3 Luxury-type vehicles
    6 Motorsport
        6.1 TRD
    7 Non-automotive activities
        7.1 Aerospace
        7.2 Philanthropy
        7.3 Higher education
        7.4 Robotics
        7.5 Agricultural biotechnology
    8 Environmental record
    9 Production and sales numbers
    10 See also
    11 References
    12 External links

Corporate governance
Principal headquarters building of Toyota
Another Toyota headquarters building in Toyota City, Japan

Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi.[8] Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software The main headquarters of Toyota is located in a three story building in Toyota. As of 2006 the head office has the "Toyopet" Toyota logo and the words "Toyota Motor". The Toyota Technical Center, a 14-story building, and the Honsha plant, Toyota's second plant engaging in mass production and formerly named the Koromo plant, are adjacent to one another in a location near the headquarters. Vinod Jacob from The Hindu described the main headquarters Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software building as "modest".[9] In 2013 company head Akio Toyoda reported that it had difficulties retaining foreign employees at the headquarters due to the lack of amenities in Toyota.[10]

Its Tokyo office is located in Bunkyo, Tokyo. Its Nagoya office is located in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya.[8] In addition to manufacturing automobiles, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Toyota provides financial services through its Toyota Financial Services division, and also builds robots.
Akio Toyoda, CEO of Toyota, at the annual results press conference, May 11, 2011
Toyota's global network:
Red - Japan
Green - Official dealership(s) present.
Blue - Localized manufacturing plant(s)
Light Blue - Regional headquarters (HQ)
Dark Blue - Regional headquarters (HQ) and localized manufacturing plants
Typical breakdown of sales by region

President of Toyota Motor Company:

    Rizaburo Toyoda (1937–1941)
    Kiichiro Toyoda (1941–1950)
    Taizo Ishida (1950–1961)
    Fukio Nakagawa (1961–1967)
    Eiji Toyoda (1967–1981)

In 1981, Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. announced plans to merge with its sales entity Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Since 1950, the two entities existed as Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software separate companies due to a prerequisite for reconstruction in postwar Japan. Shoichiro Toyoda presided over Toyota Motor Sales in preparation for the consummation of the merger that occurred in 1982—Shoichiro then succeeded his Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software uncle Eiji as the President of the combined organization that then became known as Toyota Motor Corporation.

President of Toyota Motor Corporation:

    Eiji Toyoda (1981)
    Shoichiro Toyoda (1982–1992)

CEO of Toyota Motor Corporation:

    Dr. Tatsuro Toyoda (1992–1995)
    Hiroshi Okuda (1995–1999)
    Fujio Cho (1999–2005)
    Katsuaki Watanabe (2005–2009)
    Akio Toyoda (2009–present)

Chairman of Toyota Motor Corporation:

    Shoichiro Toyoda (1992–1999)
    Hiroshi Okuda (1999–2006)
    Fujio Cho (2006–present)

On June 14, 2013, Toyota Motor Corp. announced the appointment of outside board members; the appointment was a first for the corporation and occurred following approval from general shareholders at a meeting on the same day. Additionally, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Vice Chairman Takeshi Uchiyamada replaced Fujio Cho as chairman, as the latter became an honorary chairman, while Toyoda remains in the post of President.[11]

Toyota is publicly traded on the Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo exchanges under company code TYO: 7203. In addition, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Toyota is foreign-listed on the New York Stock Exchange under NYSE: TM and on the London Stock Exchange under LSE: TYT. Toyota has been publicly traded in Japan since 1949 and internationally since 1999.[12]

As reported on its consolidated financial statements, Toyota has 540 consolidated subsidiaries and 226 affiliates.

    Toyota Motor North America (100% – 2004)
    Toyota Canada Inc. owned via Toyota Motor North America
    Toyota Tsusho – Trading company for the Toyota Group
    Daihatsu Motor Company (51.2% – March 31, 2006)
    Hino Motors (50.1% – 2001)
    Lexus 100% (1989)
    Scion 100% (2003)
    DENSO (24.74% – September 30, 2006)
    Toyota Industries (23.51% – March 31, 2006)
    Aisin Seiki Co. (23.0% – September 30, 2006)
    Fuji Heavy Industries (16.66% – June 28, 2008)
    Isuzu Motors (5.9% – November 10, 2006)
    PT Toyota Astra Motor (49% – 2003)
    PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (95% – 2003)

Financial results

In 2011, the Toyota Group (including Daihatsu, Hino and Chinese joint ventures) fell to place three with 8,050,181 units produced globally.[13] Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software According to an unofficial count, based on unit production reported by major automakers, Toyota regained its top rank with 9,909,440 units produced globally in calendar 2012.[14] On May 8, 2013, Toyota announced plans to produce 10.1 million units in fiscal 2013, which, if achieved, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software would make it the first auto manufacturer to cross the 10 million unit threshold.[15]

On May 8, 2009, Toyota reported a record annual net loss of US$4.2 billion, making it the latest automobile maker to be severely affected by the global financial crisis that started in 2007. Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Toyota's financial unit had asked for an emergency loan from a state-backed lender on March 16, 2009, with reports putting the figure at more than US$3 billion. It said the international financial situation was squeezing its business, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software forcing it to ask for an emergency loan from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. This was the first time the state-backed bank has been asked to lend to a Japanese car manufacturer.[16]

On May 8, 2013, Toyota Motor Corporation announced its financial results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013. Net revenues totaled 22.0 trillion yen (US$ 216,7 billion, +18.7%). Operating income was 1.32 trillion yen (US$13 billion, +371%), net income 962.1 billion yen (US$9.47 billion, +339%).[17]
History
Main article: History of Toyota

Toyota was started in 1933 as a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder's son, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management SoftwareKiichiro Toyoda.[18] Its first vehicles were the A1 passenger car and the G1 in 1935. The Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent company in 1937. In 2008, Toyota's sales surpassed General Motors, making Toyota number one in the world.[19]
Mass production of Toyoda automated loom, displayed at the Toyota Museum in Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi Pref. Japan

In 1924, Sakichi Toyoda invented the Toyoda Model G Automatic Loom. The principle of Jidoka, which means the machine stops itself when a problem occurs, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software became later a part of the Toyota Production System. Looms were built on a small production line. In 1929, the patent for the automatic loom was sold to a British company, generating the starting capital for the automobile development.[20]
Toyoda Standard Sedan AA 1936

Vehicles were originally sold under the name "Toyoda" (トヨダ), from the family name of the company's founder, Kiichirō Toyoda. In April 1936, Toyoda's first passenger car, the Model AA, was completed. The sales price was 3,350 yen, 400 yen cheaper than Ford or GM cars.[21]
House of Toyota founder Kiichiro Toyoda, near Toyota City[22]

In September 1936, the company ran a public competition to design a new logo. Of 27,000 entries, the winning entry was the three Japanese katakana letters for "Toyoda" in a circle. But Risaburō Toyoda, who had married into the family and was not born with that name, preferred "Toyota" (トヨタ) because it took eight brush strokes (a lucky number) to write in Japanese, was visually simpler (leaving off the diacritic at the end) and with a voiceless consonant instead of a voiced one (voiced consonants are considered to have a "murky" or "muddy" sound compared to voiceless consonants, which are "clear").
Inside the house of Toyota founder Kiichiro Toyoda, near Toyota City

Since "Toyoda" literally means "fertile rice paddies", changing the name also prevented the company from being associated with old-fashioned farming. Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software The newly formed word was trademarked and the company was registered in August 1937 as the "Toyota Motor Company".[23][24][25]
First-generation Toyopet Crown Model RSD (1955/1 – 1958/10)
Toyota at the Rally Dakar, 1992

From September 1947, Toyota's small-sized vehicles were sold under the name "Toyopet" (トヨペット).[26] The first vehicle sold under this name was the Toyopet SA,[27] but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck, Toyopet Stout light truck,[28] Toyopet Crown, Toyopet Master, and the Toyopet Corona. The word "Toyopet (Japanese article)" Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software was a nickname given to the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets.[29] The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s.

By the early 1960s, the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. The chicken tax of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported light trucks.[30] In response to the tariff, Toyota, Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s.[30]
With over 30 million sold, the Corolla is one of the most popular and best selling cars in the world.

Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of motorsports. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software consumers in the lucrative US market began turning to small cars with better fuel economy. American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an "entry level" product, and their small vehicles employed a low level of quality to keep the price low.

In 1982, the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. Two years later, Toyota entered into a Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software joint venture with General Motors called the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, NUMMI, operating an automobile-manufacturing plant in Fremont, California. The factory was an old General Motors plant that had been closed for two years. Toyota then started to establish new brands at the end of the 1980s, with the launch of their luxury division Lexus in 1989.

In the 1990s, Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup, including a full-sized pickup, the T100 (and later the Tundra); several lines of SUVs; a sport version of the Camry, known as the Camry Solara; and the Scion brand, a group of several affordable, yet sporty, automobiles targeted specifically to young adults. Toyota also began production of the world's best-selling hybrid car, the Prius, in 1997.

With a major presence in Europe, due to the success of Toyota Team Europe, the corporation decided to set up Toyota Motor Europe Marketing and Engineering, TMME, to help market vehicles in the continent. Two years later, Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom, TMUK, as the company's cars had become very popular among British drivers. Bases in Indiana, Virginia, and Tianjin were also set up. In 1999, the company decided to list itself on the New York and London Stock Exchanges.

In 2001, Toyota's Toyo Trust and Banking merged with Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software two other banks to form UFJ Bank, which was accused of corruption by Japan's government for making bad loans to alleged Yakuza crime syndicates with executives accused of blocking Financial Service Agency inspections.[31] The UFJ was listed among Fortune Magazine's largest money-losing corporations in the world, with Toyota's Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software chairman serving as a director.[32] At the time, the UFJ was one of the largest shareholders of Toyota. As a result of Japan's banking crisis, UFJ merged with the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi to become the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.

In 2002, Toyota managed to enter a Formula One works team and establish joint ventures with French motoring companies Citroën and Peugeot a year after Toyota started producing cars in France.

Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005[33] but slid to 55 for 2011.[34] The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008.[35]

In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full-size truck, the Tundra, produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana. "Motor Trend" Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software named the Tundra "Truck of the Year," and the 2007 Toyota Camry "Car of the Year" for 2007. It also began the construction of two new factories, one to build the RAV4 in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, and the other to build the Toyota Prius in Blue Springs, Mississippi, USA. This plant was originally intended to build the Toyota Highlander, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software but Toyota decided to use the plant in Princeton, Indiana, USA, instead. The company has also found recent success with its smaller models—the Corolla and Yaris—as gasoline prices have risen rapidly in the last few years.

From November 2009 through 2010, Toyota recalled more than 9 million cars and trucks worldwide in several recall campaigns, and briefly halted production and sales.[36] Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.
Main article: 2009–2010 Toyota vehicle recalls

In 2011, Toyota, along with large parts of the Japanese automotive industry, suffered from a series of natural disasters. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami led to a severe disruption of the supplier base and a drop in production and exports.[37][38] Severe flooding during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand affected Japanese automakers that had chosen Thailand as a production base. Toyota estimated to have lost production of 150,000 units to the tsunami and production of 240,000 units to the floods.

In October 2012, Toyota announced a recall of 7.43 million vehicles worldwide to fix malfunctioning power window switches, the largest recall since that of Ford Motor Company in 1996. The move came after a series of recalls between 2009 and 2011 in which it pulled back around 10 million recalls amidst claims of faulty mechanics.[39]
Logo and branding
Employee at Toyota Museum explains development of Toyota name and brand

In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line. After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its moniker to "Toyota" from the family name "Toyoda". The new name was believed to sound better, and its eight-stroke count in the Japanese language was associated with wealth and good fortune. The original logo no longer is found on its vehicles, but remains the corporate emblem used in Japan.

Still, no guidelines existed for the use of the brand name, "TOYOTA", which was used throughout most of the world, which led to inconsistencies in its worldwide marketing campaigns.

To remedy this, Toyota introduced a new worldwide logo in October 1989 to commemorate the 50th year of the company, and to differentiate it from the newly released luxury Lexus brand. The logo made its debut on the 1989 Toyota Celsior and quickly gained worldwide recognition. The three ovals in the new logo combine to form the letter "T", which stands for Toyota. The overlapping of the two perpendicular ovals inside the larger oval represent the mutually beneficial relationship and trust between the customer and the company, while the larger oval surrounding both of these inner ovals represents the "global expansion of Toyota's technology and unlimited potential for the future."[40][41]

The new logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and the vehicles themselves in 1990.

In predominantly Chinese-speaking countries or regions using traditional Chinese characters, e.g. Hong Kong and Taiwan, Toyota is known as "豊田".[42] In predominantly Chinese-speaking countries using simplified Chinese characters (e.g. China and Singapore), Toyota is known as "丰田"[43] (pronounced as "Fēngtián" in Mandarin Chinese and "Hɔng Tshan" in Minnanese). These are the same characters as the founding family's name "Toyoda" in Japanese, which translate to "fertile rice paddies" in the Chinese language, as well.
Marketing
MEGAWEB, Toyota's permanent exhibition showroom and museum in Odaiba, Tokyo

    United States advertising slogans

Toyota's marketing efforts in North America have focused on emphasizing the positive experiences of ownership and vehicle quality.[44] The ownership experience has been targeted in slogans such as "You asked for it! You got it!" (1975–1979), "Oh, what a feeling!" (1979 – September 1985, in the US),[44] "Who could ask for anything more?" (September 1985 – 1989),[45] "I love what you do for me, Toyota!" (1989–1997), "Everyday" (1997–2001)", "Get the feeling!" (2001–2004), "Moving Forward" (2004–2012),[46] and "Let's Go Places" (2012–present).[47]
Japan
Toyopet Store Saitama

In Japan, Toyota currently maintains separate dealership sales channels, called "Toyota Store" (トヨタ店) that were established in 1949, which sell large luxury sedans such as the Toyota Century, and the Toyota Crown, and "Toyopet Store" (トヨペット店), that was originally established to sell the Toyota Corona and the Toyopet Toyoace truck in 1956.(Toyota's five channel dealerships in Japan chronology in Japanese) Toyota also established a commercial dealership called Toyota Diesel Shop (トヨタディーゼル店) from 1957 until 1988, that sold various commercial platform trucks, buses, and forklifts, such as the Toyota Dyna and the Toyota Coaster. Hino products were sold at specific Hino locations, and shared at Toyota Diesel Store locations after Toyota acquired the company in 1967. Starting in 1980, the Diesel Shop also sold the Starlet, Corolla, Corona, Vista and Crown installed with diesel engines. When the Toyota Diesel Store was disbanded, commercial products were divided between Toyota Store and Toyopet Store locations.[48]

Currently, the "Toyota Corolla Store" (トヨタカローラ店) was renamed from the "Toyota Public Store" (トヨタパブリカ店), which was established to sell the Toyota Publica in 1961, then renamed to sell the Toyota Corolla in 1966.

In 1980, the "Toyota Vista Store" replaced the "Toyota Auto Store" (トヨタオート店) sales network that sold the Corolla companion, called the Toyota Sprinter established in 1966. Toyota Vista was replaced by a Lexus sales network in 2004. Some former Vista models were rebranded as Lexus (レクサス), such as the Altezza and the Aristo. Others have been taken over by the "Toyota Netz Store" (ネッツ店), established in August 1998, which was already selling, among others, the Toyota ist and the Toyota RAV4. "Netz" is an acronym for Network of Energetic Teams for Zenith.

Netz locations are being repositioned to resemble the North American Toyota network, called Scion, and are currently exclusive for the Toyota 86. Most models were exclusive to particular retail chains, while some models, like the Prius, are available at all sales channels. These models are available at retail channels nationally, as retail chains in Tokyo and Osaka are different.

Vehicles sold at Toyota Store (Nationally)

Toyota Century, Toyota Crown Majesta, Toyota Crown, Toyota Master, Toyota SAI, Toyota Prius, Toyota Allion, Toyota Succeed, Toyota Blade, Toyota Corolla RunX, Toyota Porte, Toyota Estima, Toyota Isis, Toyota FJ Cruiser, Toyota Comfort, Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota Hilux Surf, Toyota Land Cruiser Prado, Toyota Dyna, Toyota Stout, Toyota Coaster, Toyota QuickDelivery, Toyota 2000GT, Toyota Carina, Toyota Carina ED, Toyota Brevis, Toyota Gaia, Toyota Cavalier, Toyota Classic, Toyota MasterAce, Toyota Hilux, Toyota Mega Cruiser, Toyota Soarer, Toyota Origin, Toyota Caldina

Vehicles sold at Toyopet Store (Nationally)

Toyota Mark X, Toyota SAI, Toyota Premio, Toyota Prius, Toyota Belta, Toyota Mark X ZiO, Toyota Succeed, Toyota Ractis, Toyota Blade, Toyota Porte, Toyota Harrier, Toyota Vanguard, Toyota Rush, Toyota Alphard, Toyota Comfort, Toyota Hiace, Toyota Toyoace, Toyota Pixis Space, Toyota Mark II-Mark II Qualis-Mark II Blit, Toyota Corona, Toyota Corona EXiV, Toyota Corona Coupe, Toyota Corsa, Toyota Opa, Toyota Avalon, Toyota Progrès, Toyota Cami, Toyota ist, Toyota Platz, Toyota Soarer, Toyota Hilux, Toyota Cynos, Toyota Regius, Toyota Celsior, Toyota Origin, Toyota Caldina, Toyota Ipsum

Vehicles sold at Toyota Corolla Store (starting 1966) formerly Toyota Public Store (Nationally)

Toyota SAI, Toyota Camry, Toyota Prius, Toyota Corolla Axio, Toyota Belta, Toyota Probox, Toyota Corolla Rumion, Toyota Ractis, Toyota Passo, Toyota Sera, Toyota Vanguard, Toyota Estima, Toyota Noah, Toyota Sienta, Toyota TownAce, all Daihatsu products, Toyota Publica, Toyota Tercel, Toyota Windom, Toyota Scepter, Toyota Corolla Ceres, Toyota Origin, Toyota Nadia, Toyota WiLL, Toyota RAV4, Toyota Kluger, Toyota Sports 800, Toyota Celica, Toyota Supra, Toyota Corolla Levin, Toyota Celica XX

Vehicles sold at Netz Store (starting 1998) formerly Toyota Vista Store (starting 1980) formerly Toyota Auto Store (starting 1966)(Nationally)

Toyota Vitz, Toyota SAI, Toyota Prius, Toyota ist, Toyota Auris, Toyota bB, Toyota Avensis, Toyota Raum, Toyota Wish, Toyota Voxy, Toyota RAV4, Toyota Vellfire, Toyota iQ, Toyota Allex, Toyota Fun Cargo, Toyota Altezza, Toyota Verossa, Toyota Curren, Toyota Aristo, Toyota MR-S, Toyota MR2, Toyota Starlet, Toyota Vista, Toyota Cresta, Toyota Sprinter, Toyota Voltz, Toyota Blizzard, Toyota Chaser, Toyota Sprinter Marino, Toyota Carib, Toyota Granvia, Toyota Sprinter Trueno, Toyota LiteAce, Toyota Ipsum, Saturn S-series (1996-2003), Toyota 86, WiLL (1999-2004)
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Toyota dealerships
Sports
Further information: Toyota Center, Toyota Park (Bridgeview), Toyota Racing, Toyota Racing Development, Toyota in motorsports, and Toyota Motorsport GmbH
Company strategy
Main article: The Toyota Way

Toyota's management philosophy has evolved from the company's origins and has been reflected in the terms "Lean Manufacturing" and Just In Time Production, which it was instrumental in developing.[49] Toyota's managerial values and business methods are known collectively as the Toyota Way.

In April 2001, Toyota adopted the "Toyota Way 2001", an expression of values and conduct guidelines that all Toyota employees should embrace. Under the two headings of Respect for People and Continuous Improvement, Toyota summarizes its values and conduct guidelines with the following five principles:[50]

BMW

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (About this sound pronunciation (help·info); English: Bavarian Motor Works), commonly known as BMW, is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1917. BMW is headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It also owns and produces Mini cars, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad. In 2010, the BMW group produced 1,481,253 Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software automobiles and 112,271 motorcycles across all its brands. BMW is part of the "German Big 3" luxury automakers, along with Audi and Mercedes-Benz, which are the three best selling luxury automakers in the world.[4][5]
Contents

History
Main article: History of BMW
BMW Headquarters in Munich. The towers and museum are visible in the back right.
BMW Classic with a front opening door
BMW model 3/15PS (BMW Dixi) from 1930
BMW 132 engine
BMW 801 engine

BMW was established as a business entity following a restructuring of the Rapp Motorenwerke aircraft manufacturing firm in 1917. After the end of World War I in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft engine production by the terms of the Versailles Armistice Treaty.[6] The company consequently shifted to motorcycle production in 1923, once the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted,[7] followed by automobiles in 1928–29.[8][9][10]

The first car which BMW successfully produced and the car which launched BMW on the road to automobile production was the Dixi, it was based on the Austin 7 and licensed from the Austin Motor Company in Birmingham, England.

BMW's first significant aircraft engine was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance.[11] With German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the BMW 132 and BMW 801 air-cooled radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 axial-flow turbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944–1945–era jet-powered "emergency fighter", the Heinkel He 162 Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was tested in the A-1b version of the world's first jet fighter, the Messerschmitt Me 262, but BMW engines failed on takeoff, a major setback for the Emergency Fighter Program until successful testing with Junkers engines.[12][13] Towards the end of the Third Reich BMW developed some military aircraft projects for the Luftwaffe, the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built.[14][15]

By the year 1959, the automotive division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a shareholders meeting was held to decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way of carrying on. It was decided to carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy car boom enjoyed so successfully by some of Germany's ex-aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt and Heinkel. The rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta were bought; the tiny cars themselves were to be powered by a modified form of BMW's own motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet. The controlling majority shareholder of the BMW Aktiengesellschaft since 1959 is the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in public float.

BMW acquired the Hans Glas company based in Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. It was reputed that the acquisition was mainly to gain access to Glas' development of the timing belt with an overhead camshaft in automotive applications.[16] Glas vehicles were briefly badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed.
BMW 3-Series (F30)

In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California based industrial design studio DesignworksUSA, which they fully acquired in 1995. In 1994, BMW bought the  Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software British Rover Group[17] (which at the time consisted of the Rover, Land Rover and MG brands as well as the rights to defunct brands including Austin and Morris), and owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was incurring huge losses and BMW decided to sell the combine. The MG and Rover brands were sold to the Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Phoenix Consortium to form MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken over by Ford. BMW, meanwhile, retained the rights to build the new Mini, which was launched in 2001.

Chief designer Chris Bangle announced his departure from BMW in February 2009, after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years.[18] He was replaced by Adrian van Hooydonk, Bangle's former right hand man. Bangle was known for his radical designs such as the 2002 7-Series and the 2002 Z4. In July 2007, the production rights for Husqvarna  Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software Motorcycles was purchased by BMW for a reported 93 million euros. BMW Motorrad plans to continue operating Husqvarna Motorcycles as a separate enterprise. All development, sales and production activities, as well as the current workforce, have remained in place at its present location at Varese.

In June 2012, BMW was listed as the #1 most reputable company in the world by Forbes.com.[19] Rankings are based upon aspects such as “people’s willingness to buy, recommend, work for, and invest in a company is driven 60% by their perceptions of the company and only 40% by their perceptions of their products.”
Shareholders structure

by ownership[20]

    Stefan Quandt: 17.4%
    Johanna Quandt: 16.7%
    Susanne Klatten: 12.6%
    Free Float: 53.3%

by types

    Strategic investors: 46.7%
    Institutional investors:
        North America: 15.8%
        United Kingdom and Ireland: 11.8%
        Other Europe: 5.7%
        Germany: 4.8%
        Rest of the world: 2.5%
    Other investors: 12.7%

Production
    This section includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but the sources of this section remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2012)
BMW plant in Leipzig, Germany: Spot welding of BMW 3 series car bodies with KUKA industrial robots.

In 2006, the BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 four-wheeled vehicles, which were manufactured in five countries.[21] In 2010, Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software it manufactured 1,481,253 four-wheeled vehicles and 112,271 motorcycles (under both the BMW and Husqvarna brands).[2]

The BMW X3 (E83) was made by Magna Steyr, a subsidiary of Magna of Canada, in Graz, Austria under license from BMW until 2010. More than 45,973 were produced in 2009. Starting October 2010, the new BMW X3 (F25) is produced at BMW US Manufacturing Co., Greer, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, USA

It is reported that about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles Used Cars Software System | Cars Inventory | Vehicle Management Software produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models.[22] BMW also has local assembly operation using complete knock down components in Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, for 3, 5, 7 series and X3.[20]

Annual Production

Used Cars Software System Cars Inventory Vehicle Management Software

A car (also called an auto) is a vehicle used to transport passengers. Cars usually have four wheels and an internal combustion engine.[1] Another name is automobile from Greek "auto" and French "mobile". This name means "self-moving", as cars do not need horses or other external sources of power to move.
Contents

    1 Technology
    2 History
    3 Advantages
    4 Disadvantages
    5 References

Technology

Some small "city" cars carry only two to four people, and have very little luggage space. Other types are able to carry many passengers or heavy loads. For example, family station wagons or estate cars carry from 5 to 9 people, or fewer people with lots of luggage. A van or pickup truck is a car-like vehicle made for carrying medium sized loads; for example, goods for delivery or plumber's and builder's tools and materials. Heavy lorries are used to carry deliveries and heavy loads.

In order for a car to work, it must have fuel. The most common fuel is petrol, which is called gasoline in America. A car can also run on diesel or ethanol. Alternative fuel vehicles use less common fuels like natural gas, wood gas or electricity. Some car-making companies have also tried building vehicles that run using hydrogen fuel cells, which do not give out any polluting exhaust gases (but making hydrogen may at first still need electricity made by a power plant that burns similar fossil fuels). In some countries, such as Brazil and Sweden, a mixture of ethanol and petrol, called gasohol in Brazil and E-85 in Sweden, is used as automobile fuel.
History

The earliest automobiles recorded were actually steam engines attached to wagons. This was invented by Lee Dover in the late 1700's. The steam engines were heavy and therefore the wagon s slow and hard to control. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot was the first person to get into a motor vehicle accident when he crashed his wagon into a wall.

Some cars in the early 20th century were powered by electricity. They were slow and heavy and went out of use until the idea was revived late in the century.

The internal combustion engine changed the way automobiles were to be powered. The engine used either gasoline, diesel, or kerosene to work. When the gas is exploded in a cylinder it pushes the piston down and turns the wheel.
The first Benz Patent Motorwagen

Although many people tried to make a good car that would work well and sell well, people say that Karl Benz invented the modern automobile. He used a four-stroke type of internal combustion engine to power his"car". He began to sell his production vehicles in 1888.

In North America, the first modern car was made by the Duryea Brothers in Springfield, Massachusetts. The Duryea Brothers' car also won the first-ever car race in 1895, competing against cars made by Benz. The race was in Chicago, Illinois, and 53 miles long. Duryea then began production of the first commercial automobiles in 1896. That year they made 13 cars by hand in Springfield, Massachusetts.
This is the Ford Model T, the first car that many people could buy Used Cars Software design by Peace Star Computers

Benz may have invented the first modern car, and Duryea the first commercial car, but Henry Ford is the man who sold the most cars to the most people. In 1910 he began making and selling his Model T, which was a huge success. Many people could afford this car, not just the rich. Ford mass produced his Model T, meaning he made a lot of them in a short time in a factory. People say that the Model T is the car that "put America on wheels". The Model T was the most popular car of the time because it was cheap but it was still a good quality car that everyone could own.

Since then, many different kinds of cars have been designed and built, from minivans to sports cars.
Advantages

Cars are faster than walking or riding a bike if you are going a long way, can carry more than one person, and a large amount of luggage. Depending on local public transport quality, they can also be faster and far more convenient than using buses, bicycles or trains, and can often go where public transport cannot. 4-wheel drive "offroad" vehicles are particularly good at reaching places difficult for any other wheeled transport due to bad roads or harsh terrain, though they cost more and burn more fuel.

Most cars enclose people and cargo in a steel cage, (having a roof, doors and windows), thus giving protection from weather. Modern cars give further protection in case of road accident, as they have added safety features such as seat belts, airbags, crumple zones and side-impact protection that would be expensive or impossible on two-wheeled or light 3-wheeled vehicles, or most buses.
Disadvantages

Buying and running a car needs a lot of money, even more for a good quality one that is not too old. There are a lot of things to pay for - the car itself, fuel, parts (for example, tires/tyres), maintenance, repairs, insurance to cover the cost of crashes or theft, parking charges and toll roads and any tax or licensing fees charged by government.

If two cars crash they can hurt the people inside or around them. When too many cars try to go the same way, traffic congestion slows them all. They can cause air pollution if too many are used in a small area like a city, and the combined pollution of the world's cars is thought to be partly to blame for climate change. Many places where lots of people live have public transportation (or mass transit) such as buses, trains, trams and subways. These can help people get to different places very quickly, often more quickly and less expensively than by car when traffic jams are a problem. Some of these problems can be fixed, for example, by carpooling, which is putting many people who may not normally travel together in one car to share costs, use less fuel, and create less pollution and traffic.

Traffic congestion and accidents can be dangerous to other road users, for example people riding bicycles or walking, especially in an old town built when cars were few. Some 20th century towns are designed for cars as the main transport, but this can cause other problems. These include even more pollution and traffic, as everyone has to drive. Communities are divided up and separated with roads. People walking are in danger by expressways with too few foot bridges, small road bridges or other crossings. Designers now understand these problems and try to build more balanced systems.